Arthrogryposis
Arthrogryposis is a rare condition that involves stiff or contracted joints. The condition
is also called arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC).
A joint contracture occurs when muscles, tendons or other tissues get short and stiff, preventing the joints from moving normally. Joint contracture is most common in the arms and legs, but it can happen in other joints too. It can affect a few joints or many; the more joints affected, the more severe the condition.
The cause of arthrogryposis is not known, but there are a few potential causes including:
- A baby not being able to move fully while in the mother's uterus
- A viral infection while the baby was growing in the mother's uterus
- The central nervous system and/or muscular system not developing normally while the baby was growing in the mother's uterus
Before a diagnosis is made, the doctor will often order tests such as:
- X rays
- Ultrasound
- MRI - To see if other organs of the body are affected.
- CT scan
- A biopsy, where a small amount of issue taken to be studied, of a muscle might be done to look at the fibers of the muscles to see whether they are normal or not.
- Blood might be taken to look at the chromosomes to determine if there is a problem with them
Arthrogryposis is usually diagnosed through a physical examination by a doctor. Sometimes, the condition is diagnosed through an ultrasound before a baby is born. The tests help diagnose the injury and help the doctor decide the best treatment.
The main treatment for arthrogryposis is hand therapy. Therapy can be done by an occupational therapist, a physical therapist or both. Therapy usually starts soon after a baby is diagnosed with the condition and may include stretching, range of motion exercises, splinting or casting, and assisting with normal every day activities. If therapy alone is not enough, some children may need surgery. Surgery is usually done to improve how the joint moves and works. These surgeries may involve the bones, joints, tendons, muscles or other tissues.
Most people with arthrogryposis will live a long life. If the condition is severe and affects the brain and spine, your child may have a shorter lifespan. Arthrogryposis is non-progressive, which means it doesn't get worse over time. With treatment, things can improve. Most children will improve their range of motion and ability to move their arms and legs, and do activities of daily life. With therapy, the contractures often improve dramatically.